The evaluation of meteorological droughts mainly relies on rainfall data to identify patterns in
the climate and water availability, which in turn helps evaluate the risk of drought as well as its
severity . There is a drought when the amount of precipitation is below average. When this event
lasts for a long time, precipitation is unable to satisfy human demands. By using the Standardised
Precipitation Index (SPI), the present study examines the long-term geographical and temporal
variability of rainfall, its trend, and the degree of climatic dryness in the study area using SPI.
Rainfall data from 31 meteorological stations for the years 1960 to 2014 were assessed using
non-parametric techniques such as the Mann-Kendall test, Sen's slope estimator, and the
Standardised Precipitation Index. The maps of the variation in rainfall were produced using
ArcGIS V.xx, The trend analysis of the study reveals both a positive and a negative tendency.
The study also provides information on the total annual rainfall that was recorded over the study
area for the previous 55 years. This rainfall total was regionally distributed between 656.25
ermillimeters and 842.60 millimeters. The severity of the issue and the extreme dryness were
shown by the analysis of taluk-wise precipitation data for meteorological drought. In the Kalyan
Karnataka region, the state of Karnataka's agricultural productivity is highly dependent on
rainfall and the frequency of meteorological droughts.