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  <title>Biocontrol and Homeopathic Approaches Against Neopestalotiopsis protearum: A Novel Strategy for Managing Sapota Leaf Spot</title>

      <doi>https://doi.org/10.21276/AATCCReview.2025.13.02.27</doi>
  
  <authors>
      </authors>

      <abstract><![CDATA[<p>Samples of leaf spot disease were collected from a sapota orchard on the university<br />
campus and brought to the laboratory, the pathogen was isolated using the hyphal tip technique,<br />
and its pathogenicity was confirmed in both pot culture and moist blotter paper method.<br />
Neopestalotiopsis protearum isolate was identified based on cultural characteristics,<br />
morphology, pathogenicity tests, and molecular analysis. In the present investigation, biocontrol<br />
agents and homeopathic medications are used to combat the sapota leaf spot pathogen. Isolation,<br />
screening, and field testing of several biocontrol/homeopathic remedies requires substantial time,<br />
people, and resources. A total of 3 fungal and 2 bacterial bioagents were evaluated against N.<br />
protearum usingdual culture technique, out of which Trichoderma asperelloides and<br />
Trichoderma asperellum were found most effective which recorded least mycelial growth of<br />
2.25 cm, and 2.88 cm corresponding to highest mycelial growth inhibition 74.31% and 67.14%<br />
respectively of the test pathogen over untreated control followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens<br />
and Trichoderma harzianum which recorded 3.38 cm and 3.70 cm radial mycelial growth and<br />
61.43% and 57.71% inhibition of the test pathogen respectively. Ten homeopathic drugs at the<br />
concentration of 100 ppm were evaluated by employing poisoned food technique against N.<br />
protearum out of which Arsenicum and Rhus toxicodendrum had the highest mycelial growth<br />
inhibition percentage (100%), which was noteworthy when compared to the other drugs tested.</p>
]]></abstract>
  
  <body><![CDATA[<div class="aatcc-article-container"><div class="aatcc-category-label">Current Issue</div><div class="aatcc-meta-box"><div class="aatcc-doi-wrap">
            <a class="aatcc-doi-btn" href="https://doi.org/10.21276/AATCCReview.2025.13.02.27" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.21276/AATCCReview.2025.13.02.27</a>
        </div><div class="aatcc-abstract-section">
                <h3>Abstract</h3>
                <div class="aatcc-abstract-text"><p>Samples of leaf spot disease were collected from a sapota orchard on the university<br />
campus and brought to the laboratory, the pathogen was isolated using the hyphal tip technique,<br />
and its pathogenicity was confirmed in both pot culture and moist blotter paper method.<br />
Neopestalotiopsis protearum isolate was identified based on cultural characteristics,<br />
morphology, pathogenicity tests, and molecular analysis. In the present investigation, biocontrol<br />
agents and homeopathic medications are used to combat the sapota leaf spot pathogen. Isolation,<br />
screening, and field testing of several biocontrol/homeopathic remedies requires substantial time,<br />
people, and resources. A total of 3 fungal and 2 bacterial bioagents were evaluated against N.<br />
protearum usingdual culture technique, out of which Trichoderma asperelloides and<br />
Trichoderma asperellum were found most effective which recorded least mycelial growth of<br />
2.25 cm, and 2.88 cm corresponding to highest mycelial growth inhibition 74.31% and 67.14%<br />
respectively of the test pathogen over untreated control followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens<br />
and Trichoderma harzianum which recorded 3.38 cm and 3.70 cm radial mycelial growth and<br />
61.43% and 57.71% inhibition of the test pathogen respectively. Ten homeopathic drugs at the<br />
concentration of 100 ppm were evaluated by employing poisoned food technique against N.<br />
protearum out of which Arsenicum and Rhus toxicodendrum had the highest mycelial growth<br />
inhibition percentage (100%), which was noteworthy when compared to the other drugs tested.</p>
</div>
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