<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><article>
  <title>Method for simultaneous determination of monocrotophos and dimethyl phosphate in human biofluids</title>

      <doi>https://doi.org/10.21276/AATCCReview.2025.13.04.840</doi>
  
  <authors>
          <author>
        <name>Vaishali sharma</name>
                  <orcid>https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5612-0040</orcid>
              </author>
          <author>
        <name>Priyanka Yadav</name>
                  <orcid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3065-0859</orcid>
              </author>
          <author>
        <name>Prachi Thukral</name>
                  <orcid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-3675</orcid>
              </author>
          <author>
        <name>M.V. Jagadish </name>
                  <orcid>https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5756-7781</orcid>
              </author>
          <author>
        <name>Mukesh K. Singh </name>
                  <orcid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2206-3582</orcid>
              </author>
          <author>
        <name>Shubham Yadav</name>
                  <orcid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5407-6241</orcid>
              </author>
      </authors>

      <abstract><![CDATA[<p>An NMR method was developed for the simultaneous determination of the organophosphate insecticide monocrotophos and dimethyl phosphate (DMP)- in human plasma and urine. Following lyophilization and solvent exchange into deuterium oxide (D₂O), samples were spiked with known concentrations of target analytes and ammonium formate as an internal standard. Dimethyl phosphate was synthesized via acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of trimethyl phosphate and characterized by 1H NMR, confirming 96.5% purity. Key acquisition parameters-including a 90° single-pulse sequence, 1 s relaxation delay, digital resolution of ~0.2 Hz/point, and 16 scans-were optimized on a Bruker Avance Neo 500 MHz instrument to achieve signal-to-noise ratios ≥250:1. The method demonstrated excellent linearity across 10-250 ppm, with correlation coefficients (R²) exceeding 0.99 in both matrices. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were established at 0.25 ppm (S/N ≥3) and 0.5 ppm (S/N ≥10), respectively. Precision was verified via six replicates at 50 ppm, yielding intra-assay relative standard deviations below 2.1%. Recovery in spiked samples ranged from 98.0-102.0% across low (10 ppm), medium (100 ppm), and high (250 ppm) levels. Specificity, as confirmed by the absence of interfering signals in blank matrices. This NMR approach provides a rapid, accurate, and non-destructive method for forensic and clinical toxicology. However, applying the same method to real-time patient samples could not be carried out due to the limitation arising from the non-availability of actual patient samples.</p>
]]></abstract>
  
  <body><![CDATA[<div class="aatcc-article-container"><div class="aatcc-category-label">Original Research Article</div><div class="aatcc-meta-box"><div class="aatcc-authors-wrap"><span class="aatcc-author-item">Vaishali sharma<sup>1</sup><a href="https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5612-0040" target="_blank">
                    <img decoding="async" src="https://orcid.org/sites/default/files/images/orcid_16x16.png" class="aatcc-orcid-icon">
                </a></span> <span class="aatcc-author-item">Priyanka Yadav<sup>2</sup><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3065-0859" target="_blank">
                    <img decoding="async" src="https://orcid.org/sites/default/files/images/orcid_16x16.png" class="aatcc-orcid-icon">
                </a></span> <span class="aatcc-author-item">Prachi Thukral<sup>2</sup><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-3675" target="_blank">
                    <img decoding="async" src="https://orcid.org/sites/default/files/images/orcid_16x16.png" class="aatcc-orcid-icon">
                </a></span> <span class="aatcc-author-item">M.V. Jagadish <sup>2</sup><a href="https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5756-7781" target="_blank">
                    <img decoding="async" src="https://orcid.org/sites/default/files/images/orcid_16x16.png" class="aatcc-orcid-icon">
                </a></span> <span class="aatcc-author-item">Mukesh K. Singh <sup>2</sup><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2206-3582" target="_blank">
                    <img decoding="async" src="https://orcid.org/sites/default/files/images/orcid_16x16.png" class="aatcc-orcid-icon">
                </a></span> <span class="aatcc-author-item">Shubham Yadav<sup>2</sup><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5407-6241" target="_blank">
                    <img decoding="async" src="https://orcid.org/sites/default/files/images/orcid_16x16.png" class="aatcc-orcid-icon">
                </a></span></div><div class="aatcc-affiliations-wrap"><div class="aatcc-affiliation-item">
                        <sup>1</sup> School of Medico Legal Studies,National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India 
                    </div><div class="aatcc-affiliation-item">
                        <sup>2</sup> Chemical Safety Group, Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology, Gurugram-122016, India
                    </div></div><div class="aatcc-doi-wrap">
            <a class="aatcc-doi-btn" href="https://doi.org/10.21276/AATCCReview.2025.13.04.840" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.21276/AATCCReview.2025.13.04.840</a>
        </div><div class="aatcc-abstract-section">
                <h3>Abstract</h3>
                <div class="aatcc-abstract-text"><p>An NMR method was developed for the simultaneous determination of the organophosphate insecticide monocrotophos and dimethyl phosphate (DMP)- in human plasma and urine. Following lyophilization and solvent exchange into deuterium oxide (D₂O), samples were spiked with known concentrations of target analytes and ammonium formate as an internal standard. Dimethyl phosphate was synthesized via acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of trimethyl phosphate and characterized by 1H NMR, confirming 96.5% purity. Key acquisition parameters-including a 90° single-pulse sequence, 1 s relaxation delay, digital resolution of ~0.2 Hz/point, and 16 scans-were optimized on a Bruker Avance Neo 500 MHz instrument to achieve signal-to-noise ratios ≥250:1. The method demonstrated excellent linearity across 10-250 ppm, with correlation coefficients (R²) exceeding 0.99 in both matrices. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were established at 0.25 ppm (S/N ≥3) and 0.5 ppm (S/N ≥10), respectively. Precision was verified via six replicates at 50 ppm, yielding intra-assay relative standard deviations below 2.1%. Recovery in spiked samples ranged from 98.0-102.0% across low (10 ppm), medium (100 ppm), and high (250 ppm) levels. Specificity, as confirmed by the absence of interfering signals in blank matrices. This NMR approach provides a rapid, accurate, and non-destructive method for forensic and clinical toxicology. However, applying the same method to real-time patient samples could not be carried out due to the limitation arising from the non-availability of actual patient samples.</p>
</div>
            </div><div class="aatcc-pdf-wrap">
            <a class="aatcc-pdf-btn" href="https://aatcc.peerjournals.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Method-for-simultaneous-determination-of-monocrotophos-and-dimethyl-phosphate-in-human-biofluids.pdf" target="_blank">View / Download PDF</a>
        </div></div></div>]]></body>
</article>
