Impact of heat stress on plant functioning: A review

The astonishing increase in temperature is posing several bad impacts on crop plants. Heat stress is an environmental abiotic
phenomenon that causes limits, and inhibits plant growth, metabolism, and productivity in all worldwide resulting in losses in crop production yields. Heat stress is caused by human activities and by global warming such as greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and water vapour. There are much evidence to support, heat stress reduce the crop plants yield in all over worldwide and effects of heat stress are challenging to meet nutritional security as well as global food security for human beings. Heat stress has negative impacts on each developmental stage including from germination to harvesting. Prevalent approaches for heat adaption is inadequate management that is unable either to increase the crop productivity or sustain to yield. Heat stress triggers dehydration in plants, which stunts their development. Reduced photosynthetic production is a direct result of heat stress’s effect on the leaf relative water content (RWC) and the plant’s water potential. Thus, heat stress leads plants to lose water and wilt. Several responses to dissect the relevant knowledge about heat stress mechanism involving morphological phenomena, physiological phenomena, reproductive responses and molecular responses such as heat shock proteins act as mRNA synthesis, mRNA control (effects of genes during heat stress), translation process, heat response element. There are such phenomena involving to disseminate knowledge concerning with heat stress.In this review, we are summarizing the effect of heat stress on plant mechanisms including morphological, biochemical and molecular responses.