Pulses occupy an important position in food and nutritional security in India. Though, country is largest producer and consumer of pulse in world, productivity of pulses is very low due to yield gap between research outcome and its adoption on farmer’s field. For improving productivity and profitability of green gram in tribal areas of North Gujarat, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Banaskantha-I organized 335 cluster front line demonstrations (FLD’s) in 134 ha area covering 20 villages of Danta taluka of Banaskantha district under the National Food Security Mission. Improved variety of green gram (GM-4), proper seed rate, spacing, nutrient management, and pest and disease management practices were demonstrated. The average yield recorded in the demonstration and local check plots was 804 kg/ha and 568 kg/ha, respectively. There was 41.50% yield increment observed in the demonstrated plot as compared to existing farmers’ practices. The gross return, net return, and BCR ratio of the demonstration plot were USD 543/ha, USD 328.8/ha, and 2.40, respectively. The Overall yield gap analysis indicated that the technology gap was observed more than the extension gap. Three is the scope to enhance green gram productivity levels with suitable location-specific strategic research and policies to bridge the existing yield gap between actual farmers’ fields and maximum potential yield

The effect of seed treatment with bioagents, organic amendments, fungicide and their combinations on seedling emergence, pre-emergence, post-emergence mortality and growth parameters of safflower conducted in glass house conditions at Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. The dominant pathogen, which causes Fusarium wilt of safflower, was isolated and identified as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. carthami commercial isolates of Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens were used in this study and isolates supplied by Bio fertilizer unit, PJTSAU, Hyderabad. Under in vitro conditions, the results revealed that among all the treatments tested, T11-combination treatment of (T1 + T2 + T3 + T4 (seed inoculation with test pathogen followed by seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum (10 g kg-1seed) + T2 (seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens (10 g kg-1seed) + T3 (seed treatment with carbendazim (1 g kg-1seed) + T4 (soil application with neem cake (10 g kg-1soil) was found superior in all the parameters discussed. When tested for growth parameters, shoot length was recorded highest in T11 (59.2 cm), root length was recorded highest in T6 (10.0 cm) and total length was recorded highest in T11 (68.2 cm). Highest fresh weight (272.10 g) and dry weight (105.35 g) was also recorded from the same combination treatment.

Nowadays, the air temperature has risen as a consequence of climatic variability. The extremely high temperature causes heat stress and serious injuries to plant growth and development. Maize plants can operate most of its physiological process normally in the range of 0-400C. Heat stress reduces the uptake of water and nutrients which results in the reduction of plant growth, the source-sink relationships gets altered and it reduces the hormonal content which is being produced in roots and it affects the nutrient concentration of the plants which in-turn affect the productivity by causing injury to the plants.
To mitigate the heat stress, a field experiment was carried out in the high-temperature zone at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar, TNAU, India to reduce the heat stress-induced squandering to maize (Zea mays L.) plants with exogenous application of phytohormones during two consecutive years 2021 and 2022. The foliar spray treatments with phytohormones include salicylic acid 50 and 75 ppm, brassinolides 0.2 and 0.5 ppm, and sodium nitroprusside 50 and 75 µM along with control. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four replicates. The result revealed that plants foliar sprayed with sodium nitroprusside 50 µM and salicylic acid 75 ppm at 40 and 47 days after sowing recorded the maximum plant height, early flowering, pollen viability, chlorophyll content and enzyme activities viz., catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase when compared to control. The yield parameters such as cob length, cob weight, and seed yield were significantly influenced by the foliar spraying treatments. The plants foliar sprayed with sodium nitroprusside 50 µM outperformed the other treatments during 2021 and 2022 by recording the highest seed yield by modulating the heat stress-induced losses to maize plants whereas the minimum yield was recorded in control.

The rainfall pattern showing dry and wet years are computed for each agro- climatic zone in the dry region in Karnataka state based on annual scales from 1979 to 2019. The occurrence of drought was recorded under the categories of extreme, severe and medium drought at different agro-climatic zones level. Visual interpretation of RAI of all zones reveal same pattern but the magnitude varied over the time. An extreme drought of more than -3 and -2 magnitude was recorded in all zones. Extreme drought condition was experienced during the year 2018 in the North eastern dry zone, 2003 in the northern dry zone, 1995 in the central dry zone , 2002 in the eastern dry zone and 2003 in the southern dry zone. Further, the study revealed that, at least 3 to 5 drought events under the extreme drought category. The occurrence of at least 4 to 6 drought events under the severe drought category was observed across all five zones in dry region in the state. Assessment of dry years help in studying the exposure component of vulnerability in the area to drought and necessary adaptative strategies to be followed by farmers in the zone.

In this study, Azolla extract of different concentrations (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%) was treated in Bhendi seeds, and results were obtained. Among these (T4 – 40%) showed better results with a higher rate of germination (90%), Root length (6cm), Shoot length (18.5cm), and seedling vigour (18.37). A control solution without biofertilizer extract was prepared. The Bhendi variety (Arka anamika) was used for this experiment. Azolla spp strain was grown in pit size of 6.5*1.3m and extract was collected, and used for further analysis. The experiment was conducted at the College of Agricultural Technology, Theni. A completely randomized design (CRD) with 7 Treatments and 3 Replications was followed.

The Agriwar-room was an initiative taken by the University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur to assist farmers in obtaining information related to farming, ranging from the technical knowledge base to price information for selling the produce in distant markets across the state during the lockdown period of COVID-19 in 2020. The findings reveals that, the agro-based services were widely spread across Six major Districts of kalyan Karnataka region consisting of Raichur, Kalaburagi, Yadgir, Lingsugur, Koppal and Bellary districts which were accounted for 91.47 % to the total received calls (598 calls received) by ICAR-KVK, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur during the period of 3 months (April to July) in the year 2020. Further, the farmers were provided with necessary information based on their requirements majorly related to crop production, plant protection, marketing information and other services. The findings reveal that, Majority of the calls were received from Raichur district, accounting for 48.49 % followed by Kalaburagi district with 22.91% and Yadgir (8.19%) were the three major district farmers who were benefited largely from the Agriwar room during CoVID-19 period. The study also highlights the importance of information about Agriculture produce marketing facilities which was essential during covid-19 period because many of the farmers don’t know about the information where they have to dispose of the produce in which market so that they can get better prices for their produce during COVID-19 situation due to lack of mobility.

Remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS) are vital tools that can be used to capture the spatial and temporal dynamics of biomass energy. They can be used alone or integrated with other software tools to improve biomass energy security at the strategic and military science levels. There has been a lot of development in the research and application of GIS in biomass and energy assessment globally. This is why spatial and temporal waste or biomass data are not readily available in these areas. Despite the advancements in remote sensing and GIS technologies, there are several challenges, such as the need for improved data availability, especially in regions where spatial and temporal waste or biomass statistics are limited, and the need for technical expertise and interoperability. These challenges need to be overcome in order to utilize these tools for biomass-based renewable energy. This paper reviews recent developments in the application of remote sensing and GIS in biomass and energy security, with the objective of designing biomass energy systems that support green and clean economies globally. The paper also discusses the challenges associated with the use of these tools and the contributions that have been made to address these challenges.

Women play a catalytic role in sustainable development bringing required transformational, economic, environmental and social changes. The majority of rural women suffer not only from economic poverty but also from information poverty especially related to household technologies and abilities to perform better as home managers. With utmost attention addressing the challenges, thewomen arefacing in the present scenario like their disadvantaged and discriminated position with poor infrastructure, meageraccess to knowledge and information source, scanty livelihood promotion opportunities,inadequate mobility and communication facilities and sufficienthealth facilities the need of the hour.Technological innovations and their reach to rural women through training programmescan result in enhancing women’s welfare leading to empowerment.Training is one of the important functions of Krishi Vigyan Kendra.The main purpose of organizing training programmes is to impart knowledge and develop new skills required for the adoption of the latest technology and buildup attitude among farmers, farm women, rural youth, school dropouts and other grass root level workers. In this direction, the present study was undertaken to find out the Knowledge gained by farm women through aseries of training programmes in Home science conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Nizamabadto find out livelihood changes brought at individual and field levels through future impact studies.On-campus training programmes were conducted at the KVK training hall and the off-campus training programmes were conducted at KVK adopted villages by SMS (Home Science) working at KVK Nizamabad from 2015-16 to 2018-19(4 years) under the guidance of the Programme Coordinator. A total of 56 training programmes fewer than eleven (11) thematic / training areas were conducted training 2589 women trainees during the study period. Pre-evaluation and post-evaluation tests were conducted in every training programme and scores were obtained respectively to calculate the gain in knowledge. An average knowledge gain of four years found was 68.75 percent. Women were trained mostly on the thematic areas viz. Women empowerment, Location-specific drudgery reduction technologies, Value addition, Women and child care and Design and development of low/minimum cost diet.

Food scarcity and hunger are escalating in India giving an alarm for food security measures. Government of India started a Mission on Food Security in 2007 through KVKs. Pulses which are most consumed food by both vegetarians and Non-vegetarians has the nutritional capacity more than cereals. These pulses having comparative advantage over other crops in irrigation requirement and cost of cultivation, can be cultivated as intercrop. Hence pulses can be viable food to tackle nutritional scarcity. To promote pulse cultivation Government of India introduced Cluster Front Line Demonstration CFLD-Pulses programme through Krishi Vigyan Kendras ( KVKs). Krishi Vigyan Kendra (Farm science center) is entrusted with task of demonstrating and disseminating latest varieties and technologies to encounter food and nutritional scarcity in the country. KVKs in the selected sample area were conducting CFLD since 2015-16 and it becomes necessary to assess the effectiveness of the KVKs in successfully performing the demonstration and farmers perception on the efforts of KVK scientists. The present study is done to assess the perception of farmers on the effectiveness of KVK in varietal and technological diversification efforts.

Women’s entrepreneurship directly affects income, employment, and capital formation while indirectly benefiting household-level resource allocation. Women’s population constitutes half of the total population i.e. 48.5 percent indicating their potential strength in the total human resource in the country. The challenge is that the women in rural areas even today are disadvantaged with lack of emotional, mental, social wellbeing and financial uplift to support themselves and their families. Therefore the present study focused on the challenge of extending helping hand and opportunities to empower them with implementable homestead technologies leading them towards entrepreneurship. The present study was conducted with the objectives 1) to study homestead technologies that were On Farm tested and Front Line Demonstrated in adopted villages of Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Nizamabad, and 2) to promote startups with homestead technologies for women entrepreneurship. Nizamabad and Kama Reddy districts were selected purposively as these two districts fall under the operational area of KVK, Nizamabad. A total of 191 beneficiaries comprising 40 adolescent girl students of Seed Technology Poly technique college, Rudrur, 91 malnourished infants whose weights fell under grade 2 & grade 3 in the growth chart, and 60 Farm and Home women from KVK adopted villages were selected for the study. Four homestead technologies were selected to address the identified problems among women leading to entrepreneurship. The results showed that Infant’s health, cognitive, and motor skills were improved with the feeding of a pushti weaning mix. Anemic adolescent girls improved their health and social status through supplementation of raagiladdu (Finger millet) and drumstick leaf powder. Farm women’s drudgery was decreased with a rolling brush stem applicator. Farmer’s health risks were minimized with the use of protective clothing while spraying. Some SHG women started entrepreneurship by marketing Pushti weaning mix, Raagiladdu, drumstick leaf powder, Rolling brushes and Protective clothing and supported the family financially for their livelihood.