Nutrients effect on growth, yield and phytochemicals composition of European dill (Anethum graveolens L.): A comprehensive review

The study addresses on the nutrient response of European dill (Anethum graveolens), focusing on its growth, development, yield, and secondary metabolites. It emphasizes expanding research on the effects of fertilizers and farmyard manure on European dill and related Umbelliferae crops to improve nutrient management tailored to species variation, crop development stages, and seasonal conditions. The nutrition of crop plants through both inorganic and organic sources is advantageous as these sources enhance soil physical conditions and provide the essential macronutrients and micronutrients required for optimal plant growth and physiological development of crop plants. Additionally, this study explores the medicinal and aromatic properties of European dill, the preference for European dill over Indian dill due to differences in toxic compound content and the changes in major essential oil constituents such as carvone, dillapiole, limonene, phellandrene, and anethofuran due to application of nutrients. This knowledge aims to enhance agronomic practices and pharmaceutical applications and thereby improving crop quality and safety. The study is challenged by scarcity of comprehensive research specifically addressing how European dill responds to nutrient inputs, especially concerning growth, yield and oil constituents and this gap makes it difficult to build on established findings or compare results. But this review paper contributes significantly by consolidating existing research on response of European dill by effects of fertilizers and organic inputs. Thereby, providing a foundation for improved nutrient management strategies for future research directions and facilitates safer, higher-quality crop production through enhanced understanding of maintaining the secondary metabolitescomposition present in essential “dill oil” mainly responsible for medicinal properties of European dill plant.