Nano science refers to the science and discipline and nanotechnology refers to the applied part of it including the engineering to control, manipulate and structure the matter at an unimaginably small scale i.e., nanoscale. This scale is also referred to as the ‘atomic’ or ‘molecular’ scale which is 100 nanometers or smaller. Nanotechnology is an emerging interdisciplinary area that is expected to have wide-ranging implications in all fields of science and technology such as energy and aerospace, electronics, material science, medicine, mechanics, optics, plastics, and textiles. Although Nanotechnology is still in its infancy stage and it has a bright future in the sericulture sector such as protection from plant and silkworm diseases (Silver and Magnesium Oxide), improving the performance of textiles like fiber quality (Nanofiber) and fibroin quality, quality of cocoons, nanocomposite fibers. Nanoparticle application during conventional textile processing techniques like finishing, coating, and dyeing enhances product performance. This review discusses applications of Nanotechnology in Sericulture. It also provides information on identified properties of Nano textile.

In present study genetic diversity of seven high-yielding parents of Indian mustard along with four checks viz., Pusa bold, Shatabdi, Bio-902, and Kranti were evaluated using twelve SSR primers. Out of 12 SSR primers, seven primers were found monomorphic and five primers were found polymorphic for the set of selected genotypes. The results of the diversity analysis showed that, almost all the parents are diverse from each other. Again 30 F₁ crosses of Indian mustard were obtained in full diallel fashion using six parents. ANOVA for combining ability indicated that mean squares due to GCA were significant for all characters studied except siliquae density on the main branch and 1000 seed weight. Five crosses showed significant negative SCA/RCA effects for seed yield and many of the contributing characters. Considering GCA effects for most of the yield-contributing traits, the parents ACNMM13 and ACNMM14 were recorded as good general combiners for seed yield and it’s attributing characters. Selected five crosses along with checks (Kranti, Bio-902 and Shatabdi) for varietal development were sown to study the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean for yield and yield attributing traits. High genotypic coefficient of variation, high heritability accompanied with high genetic advance as per-cent of the mean observed for a number of branches plant^-1, siliquae density on main branch, number of siliquae plant^-1 and seed yield plant^-1 which indicated the significant progress by an effective selection of these characters. Selected plants from five good crosses were suggested to carry forward by the plant to-row method for exploiting improvement in selected material.

Sugarcane is one of the important commercial crops. Burning of sugarcane trash inside the field in India is a common practice among farmers due to a lack of labor availability and less time available for the sowing of the next crop. This is a hazardous practice that has affected soil health, air, human health, etc. leading to massive as well as monetary losses Therefore, new eco-friendly agricultural practices for sustainable food production are needed. Intensive agricultural production is necessary to satisfy food requirements for the increasing population. Microbes are important in degrading environmental solid waste and restoring the ratio of degraded ecosystems. Conversion of crop residue like sugarcane trash into a beneficial nurtinet resource is the best alternative method to landfilling and insulation in developed countries. Insitu composting or Mulching could potentially serve the purpose of reducing soil evaporation, conserving moisture, controlling soil temperature, reducing weed growth, and improving microbial activities. Mulches combat different stress conditions in agricultural lands. This review paper focuses on multiple significant impacts of mulches or in situ composting for the production and establishment of different crops in nature. Mulches conserve soil moisture, enhance the nutrient status of soil, control erosion losses, suppress the weeds in crop plants, and reduce pesticide and fertilizer usage. The selection of mulching material is important with respect to crop type, management practices, and climatic conditions. Therefore, the impacts of low-cost, eco-friendly, and biodegradable mulching materials on soil microbes, nutrient balance, plant growth, and soil erosion should be explored in the future. Therefore, in-situ composting can be a good alternative to mitigate these problems.

Due to their nutritional value, major millets and minor millets are referred to as Nutri-cereals. These crops are short-lived and resource-efficient because they use little water, fertilizer, and emit little carbon during growth (Good for the farmer). Millets are locally grown health foods that have extra health advantages such as being a source of gluten-free protein, high in fiber, low glycemic index, and rich in bioactive chemicals. Nutri-cereals are a better option than cereal grains like rice and wheat because they contain a good amount of nutrients such as complex carbohydrates (Low GI), proteins with balanced amino acids, dietary fiber, good-quality invisible fat, and noticeably higher amounts of micronutrients like calcium, potassium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, B complex vitamins, and bioactive phytochemicals. Although millet’s nutritional benefits have been extensively documented, only traditional consumers in indigenous societies use it as food. This is primarily because there is no consumer-friendly, ready-to-use or ready-to-eat millet products like there are for wheat and rice. The recent resolution by the United Nations General Assembly to observe 2023 as the International Year of Millets to highlight the significance of nutrient-rich crops in climate-changing conditions is one step in that direction  Additionally, the development of new processing equipment and technological advancements for the production of convenient foods from nutri-cereals are gaining recognition on a global scale. In this review highlighted the scope of production, processing, and rural business development opportunities for nutria-cereals from India to the world market.

Women are considered the weaker section in most societies as compared to men. The existing gender inequality has attracted the world’s attention, and 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were set up in 2015. Among 17 SDGs, gender equality is the 5th important goal and is also considered in agriculture. Therefore, the present study aims to assess women’s empowerment for achieving gender equality goals through the production and marketing of mulberry silk in the Chikkaballapur district of Karnataka. The primary data was obtained from 90 randomly selected sericulture farmers with the help of a pre-tested well-structured schedule. The data was analyzed, and the women’s empowerment index was constructed to determine the empowerment level. In the present study, 0.75 was considered as a threshold level of the empowerment index, meaning if the index value is more than 0.75, then there is adequate empowerment among women. The result of the study indicated that about 22.22 % of women were having Individual Empowerment Index(IEI) of more than 0.75, which opined that women had attained adequate empowerment. The remaining 77.78% of women were confined to the process of attaining empowerment. The overall Women Empowerment Index (WEI) was found to be 0.688 for these women who participated in sericulture. It shows that involvement in the production and marketing of mulberry silk could help in women’s empowerment in the study area. Despite 60 per cent employment of women in sericulture, the adequate empowerment index for women has not been achieved. Before the researcher, this is the real challenge of how the women empowerment index may be improved to the desired level.