Passion fruit through seed propagation is showing good performance but due to high vaiability
and heterozygosity which result in uneven plants in orchard. Also plant raised through seed takes
more time to grow than vegetatively propagated. Therefore by considering the importance of
propagation by stem cuttings, a present investigation was conducted on the response of different
bioregulators on biochemical parameters in cuttings of the Yellow passion fruit variety
[Passiflora edulis flavicarpa Deg.]. The cuttings of passion fruit were treated with various
concentrations of Indole butyric acid [300, 500 and 700 ppm] and Paclobutrazol[20, 40 and 60
ppm]for 15 minutes under quick dip method along with control [distilled water]. Cuttings consist
of 3-4 nodes and are approximately 15-20 cm in length. The results obtained from the study
revealed that significantly higher concentrations of chlorophyll a [4.25 mg/g], chlorophyll b
[1.02 mg/g], total chlorophyll [5.27 mg/g], carotenoid concentration [1.06 mg/g] and total
soluble sugar [3.07 mg/g] when cuttings were subjected to T1 PBZ @ 60 ppm. Among the IBA
treatments, 700 ppm was recorded best concentration in biochemical parameters viz., chlorophyll
a [3.07 mg/g], chlorophyll b [0.78 mg/g], total chlorophyll [3.85 mg/g], carotenoid concentration
[0.65 mg/g] and total soluble sugar [2.87 mg/g].

The identification of genetic relationships between individuals and the conservation of germplasm has benefited greatly from molecular characterization using different kinds of markers including RAPD. The main aim of the study to find out the genetic diversity of coriander genotypes through molecular characterization. Based on the results obtained from genotyping 75 coriander accessions (Coriandrum sativum L.) that were cultivated in Tamil Nadu, India using ten RAPD primers, it was found that investigated primers revealed 38 to 71% polymorphisms by producing 106 amplicons. A dendrogram was created to show the genetic relationships among the 75 genotypes. It was evident from this and D2 analyses that the genotypes UD 685 and CS 101 had greater variation. Thus, this study has identified two genetically diverged Coriandrum sativum genotypes for further breeding programs that focused on the genetic improvement of coriander for high-yielding, resistant with high-quality features

The efficacy of various botanicals against the gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera Hubner, and the pod fly, Melanagromyza obtusa Malloch, in pigeonpea was tested in a field experiment carried out during Kharif, 2018–19, 2019–20, and 2020–21 at the Agricultural Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Derol, Gujarat, India. Determining the effectiveness of botanical extracts mainly some challanges affected such as botanical cost, application feasibility and farmer acceptance made complicated for pest management strategies in pigeonpea cultivation. The larval population of H. armigera was found to be considerably reduced in the plot treated with neem seed kernel extract at 5 percent and it was at par with azadirachtin at 0.15 EC @ 0.0006 percent and neem oil at 0.5 percent. A similar trend was also noted in terms of the percentage of harvested pod damage due to H. armigera; 5 percent of neem seed kernel extract had a significantly lower pod damage and was comparable to azadirachtin 0.15 EC 0.0006 percent. The lowest per cent grain damage due to pod fly, M. obtusa was noticed in a plot treated with azadirachtin 0.15 EC 0.0006 percent and it was at par with neem seed kernel extract 5 percent. Significantly higher seed yield was obtained in the treatment of neem seed kernel extract 5 per cent and it was at par with azadirachtin 0.15 EC 0.0006 percent. The highest ICBR was also recorded in the treatment of neem seed kernel extract at 5 percent.

Sowing is one of the important operations in crop production that involves factors like correct seed rate, appropriate depth of placement ad required seed space for maximum production. Ground wheel-driven conventional metering mechanism results in improper placement of seeds because of skidding and vibration of the ground wheel. To overcome this problem a microcontroller-based seed metering unit was developed and retrofitted to a planter. The microcontroller-operated planter was evaluated over ground wheel-driven planter for Maize seed. During the field trails it was observed that the average missing index, multiple index, and quality feed index of microcontroller operated planter was 6.6%, 10%, and 83.4% respectively. The average missing index, multiple index, multiple index and quality feed index of ground wheel-driven planter was 20.3%, 23.3%, and 56.4% respectively. It was also observed that sowing with a microcontroller-operated planter, there was a net saving of 20% of cost over ground wheel-driven planter.