Engineered Nanomaterials for Plant Growth Enhancement and Sustainable Agricultural Production

Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have emerged as promising tools for improving agricultural productivity and promoting sustainable farming practices. Due to their unique physicochemical properties, such as high surface area, controlled release capability, and enhanced reactivity, nanomaterials are increasingly being used to improve nutrient delivery, enhance plant growth, and protect crops from pests and diseases. Nano-enabled agricultural products, including nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, and nanosensors, contribute to higher crop yields while reducing excessive chemical inputs and environmental pollution. Furthermore, engineered nanomaterials support precision agriculture by enabling efficient resource management and real-time monitoring of plant health. Despite these advantages, concerns regarding nanoparticle toxicity, environmental accumulation, and regulatory challenges remain important considerations for their widespread adoption. This review highlights the role of engineered nanomaterials in plant growth enhancement and sustainable agricultural production, discusses recent advancements, major applications, challenges, and future research directions for developing environmentally safe and efficient nano-enabled agricultural technologies.