A review on impact of climate change on indian horticulture and the way forward

Horticulture contributes 30.4% to India’s agricultural GDP and supports over 50 million farmers. However, climate change is posing severe challenges, including rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, pest infestations, and extreme weather events like heat waves and cyclones. According to IMD (2023), India’s average temperature has risen by 0.7°C since 1901, affecting flowering, fruit set, and crop quality. The 2022 heatwave reduced tomato yields by 15-20%, while erratic rainfall in Maharashtra’s grape farms led to ₹700 crore in losses. This article explores the multi-faceted impact of climate change on Indian horticulture, supported by state-wise case studies and global best practices. It presents scientific and policy-driven solutions, including climate-resilient crop varieties, efficient water management, agri-tech innovations, and climate insurance. A multi-stakeholder approach, integrating farmers, policymakers, financial institutions, and researchers, is key to building a sustainable and climate-resilient horticultural sector in India.