The study analyzes the spatial and temporal patterns of dry spells in Telangana using gridded
rainfall data spanning 1961 to 2015. The analysis employs the Mann-Kendall test to identify
trends in dry spell occurrences and their lengths. Results indicate considerable spatial
variability, with southwestern and southern districts experiencing the longest and most severe
dry spells, while northeastern and eastern districts encounter shorter durations. Although
most locations exhibit a non-significant trend towards reduced dry spell lengths, higher
elevation areas such as Vikarabad and Rangareddy show a significant decrease, highlighting
the critical role of topography in influcing dry spell patterns. The study underscores the
challenges including limitations of using gridded rainfall data, topographical complexities,
and variability in defining dry spell thresholds, all of which affect the accuracy of results.
Despite the challenges the research makes key contributions by providing a detailed regional
analysis of dry spells and identifying critical zones of vulnerability. The study also highlights
the critical need for regional-scale analysis to accurately assess local impacts and develop
adaptive strategies tailored to the specific climatic and geographic conditions of different
districts. Future research should incorporate recent data, consider climate change impacts,
and integrate socio-economic factors to provide a holistic understanding of dry spell
implications in Telangana.

The present investigation evaluates the effects of various chemicals on the fungal
pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis, which causes wilt disease in lentil crops.
Fusarium wilt is a major disease in lentils, leading to significant yield losses ranging from
50% to complete crop failure in severely affected fields, while fungicides like
azoxystrobin and tebuconazole help, their environmental impact limits use. Resistant
varieties struggle due to pathogen diversity and poor screening. This study aimed to
manage the Fusarium wilt of lentils with chemical strategies. The disease was evaluated
under field conditions, with lentil seeds treated with different chemicals to assess their
efficacy against the disease. Seven chemicals namely Thiram 75 % WP, Thiophanate
Methyl 70% WP, Azoxystrobin 20% + Difenconazole 12.5% WV, Propiconazole 25%
EC, Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG, Carbendazim 50% WP and
Tebuconazole 25.9 % EC, were used against the disease. Among all the chemicals
evaluated, Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG was found most effective
giving 60.34 percent disease control in the year 2023 and 63.44 per-cent disease control
in 2024 under field conditions- followed by 51.31, 52.83 percent, with Tebuconazole
25.9 % EC, Propiconazole 25% EC (46.83%),(52.83%) Azoxystrobin 20% +
Difenconazole (35.28%), (41.54%), thiophanate Methyl 70% WP (30.66%), (30.66%),
(35.68%) Thiram (24.49%),(27.76%) and Carbendazim 50% WP (20.58%),(22.14) The
seed treatment with the chemicals showed minimum disease incidence in case of
Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG i.e.15.91 per-cent in the year 2022 and
15.12 percent in the year 2023 and the maximum disease incidence was recorded in case
as untreated the control (40.12%),(41.34%) in the year 2023. The present study
concluded that several new chemicals have the potential to manage the disease at lower
concentrations. Chemical compounds have the potential to effectively manage the
disease, even at lower concentrations.

In general, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, polyphenols, anthocyanidins, terpenoids,
carotenoids, etc. are considered phytochemicals. Anthocyanins have lately attracted increased
interest as natural food colorants due to the detrimental effects of synthetic colors and these
possesses antioxidant and radical scavenging properties. Fresh red flowers of Canna indica
which is commonly known as Canna or Indian shot were used for extraction of pigment using
different solvents and durations by ultrasound-assisted extraction method and subjected for
phytochemicals estimation through spectrophotometric analysis. Total phenol content, total
flavonoid content and antioxidant activity were estimated by using Folin-Ciocalteu’s method,
aluminum chloride method and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, respectively.
Among various treatment combinations, 120 min ultrasound in methanol showed highest
amount of total phenol, total flavonoid and antioxidant activity with the values of 236.60 ±
0.21 mg GAE/100 g, 276.77 ± 0.30 mg QE/100 g and 93.73 ± 0.03% RSA respectively. From
the results of the study, Canna indica flower can be regarded as a possible source of food
color and can be used in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals due to presence of phenols,
flavonoids, anthocyanin and its antioxidant activity.

Floriculture and horticulture are now intertwined within the food industry, with flowers emerging as a promising avenue for fulfilling the escalating demand for innovative food options that offer both sensory appeal and health benefits. Flowers, rich in pigmentation, contain numerous phytochemicals that positively impact human health, including antioxidants that combat cellular aging. Edible flowers are widely used to enhance the appearance and flavor of various foods. Flowers like Rose, Hibiscus, Pansy, Nasturtium, and Rhododendron are popular choices for salads, cakes, garnishes, and flavorings. They are not only visually appealing but also offer nutritional benefits. They contain carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and phenolics, which contribute to their functional properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancerous, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, uricosuric, and antihaemolytic effects. The demand for functional foods and new tastes is increasing, creating significant opportunities for the commercial use of edible flowers in the food industry. However in India, challenges for edible flowers include limited awareness, lack of standardized cultivation practices, insufficient research on nutritional benefits, seasonal availability, and regulatory hurdles for commercialization, impacting their adoption in culinary and medicinal applications.

The understanding of long term variability in Rainfall and Temperature is the key for enhancing
agricultural productivity in the semi arid tropical region. A 30 year base period (1984-2014) data
of rainfall and temperature in Rangareddy district of South Telangana, were analysed to compare
with trends in various climate change scenarios. Two climate change scenarios of representative
concentration pathway (RCP) of 4.5 and 8.5 were selected with ensembled data for the time
periods of 2025, 2050 and 2090. The annual, seasonal, weekly rainfall, rainy days and
temperatures were analysed. The results indicated that, the mean annual and seasonal rainfall
(MAR, MSR) predicted in 2025, 2050 and 2090 are (MAR: 916.20; 939.98; 982.60 mm & MSR:
721.84; 744.87; 731.36 mm) and (MAR: 953.36; 942.29; 1045.82 mm & MSR: 758.29; 744.34;
874.76 mm) under RCP 4.5 & RCP 8.5 respectively. The numbers of annual & seasonal rainy days
are decreased by 47.95, 43.87 & 42.85 % and 44.89, 40.81 and 39.79 % under RCP 4.5 & 8.5
during 2025, 2050 and 2090 over the base period. The seasonal average temperature is increased
by 10.04 & 11.71 % (2025); 14.04 & 15.69 % (2050) and 14.33 & 19.69 % (2090) under RCP 4.5
and 8.5 respectively as compared to the base period. These results would help to farming
community, policy makers and academicians for adopting climate resilient technologies in
southern Telangana state.

In recent years, conventional rice production technologies have been leading to the deterioration of soil health and declining farm profitability due to high inputs of water and labor. Conservation agriculture (CA) based resource-conserving technologies i.e. zero-tillage (ZT), raised-bed planting, and unpuddled transplanted rice have shown promise as alternatives to conventional production technologies to overcome these problems. The present study was undertaken during 2015–2019 to establish an understanding of how rice establishment techniques could be practiced to save water at the field application level to improve water productivity and also have the capability to enhance productivity, profitability, and rice quality. The results showed that among different crop establishment techniques, conventional-tilled puddle transplanted rice (CT-TPR) required 14% to 25% more water than other techniques. Compared with the CT-TPR system, zero till direct-seeded rice (ZT-DSR) consumed 6%–10% less water with almost equal system productivity and demonstrated higher water productivity. Wide raised beds saved about 15%–24% water and grain yield decreased by about 8%. Direct-seeded rice after ZT or reduced tillage or on unpuddled soil provided more net income than CT-TPR.India possesses an immense wealth of Basmati and -non-Basmati aromatic rice varieties and landraces exhibiting a wide variability in their grain quality and cooking characteristics. In the present study forty varieties of Basmati and -non-Basmati aromatic rice were evaluated for their physical and quality characteristics. Among all quality characteristics aroma was considered as the most important quality parameter of high-quality rice. In our study aroma ranged from very low to strong. The gelatinizing temperature ranged from low to high intermediate category. This was indirectly decided by alkali digestion score which ranged from 7.0 to 2.0. Cooked kernel length, cooked kernel breadth, elongation ratio, gel consistency, and amylose content were also recorded. Various grain quality parameters of these varieties/lines were compared to premium Dehradun basmati 3020.The study reveals that to sustain rice productivity, CA-based planting techniques can be more viable options. However, the long-term effects of these alternative technologies need to be studied under varying agro-ecologies at texturally divergent soils in western Uttar Pradesh, India.The biochemical makeup, eating quality, and cooking quality of rice are all impacted by the methods used in rice establishment, which in turn affects the rice’s overall food and nutritional security. To ensure sustainable food supplies and enhance rice quality, these methods must be optimized

Background: Molecular genomic selection on candidate genes is proving to be a promising method to genetically improve economically important traits in chickens. These molecular markers have provided new opportunities and also have accelerated the process of selection and obtaining the desired genetic gain or selection for new traits that are costly or difficult to record in animals to improve animal production. The Neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene is known to influence the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the median eminence and is also critical in controlling feed intake in birds. Similarly, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) gene acts as a potent paracrine modulator in a variety of tissues and regulates tissue-specific cell differentiation. Ths study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these two candidate genes (NPY and IGF-1) in a native chicken population of Mizoram, India which is known as ‘Zo-ar’.
Methods: Isolation of genomic DNA from blood samples. Spectrophotometric and electrophoretic evaluation of extracted DNA samples was done. The samples were then subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification and Restriction endonuclease (DraI and PstI for NPY and IGF-1, respectively) digestion by using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) method. Determination of alleles and genotypes along with statistical analysis of population genetics data were compiled and analyzed using POPGENE ® 3.1 software for proper conclusion.
Results: Both the genes under the study were found to be polymorphic and yielded variable restriction patterns. The NPY locus revealed three genotypes, viz. AA, Aa and aa with the highest frequency of a genotype (0.44) and an allele (0.62). The IGF-1 locus also showed the presence of three genotypes BB (0.16), Bb (0.44) and bb (0.40) with an allelic frequency of 0.62 and 0.38 for b and B alleles, respectively. The population was found to be conforming to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for both the studied loci. The presence of different genotypes in each locus indicated the presence of genetic variation in this chicken population, which may be exploited for their genetic improvement by suitable selection and breeding programmes.

The declining rate of productivity and environmental sustainability is forcing growers to use
organic manures as a source of nutrient supplements in linseed farming. The present investigation
was conducted during Rabi season of 2021-22, 2022-23 and 2023-24 at AICRP on Linseed and
Mustard, college of Agriculture, Nagpur, Dr. PDKV, Akola to evaluate the productivity and
economics of linseed influenced by different organic manures and liquid organic manures. In
Linseed organic production systems, major challenges like crop-weed competition, nitrogen stress
at critical growth stages due to slow mineralization of organic manures, pest infestation impede to
the optimal yield of linseed. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD)
consisting of ten treatments and three replications. The results of pooled data of three years
indicated that application of FYM to supply 33% RDN + Neem cake to supply 33% RDN
followed by foliar spray of vermiwash (10%) at branching, flowering and capsule development
stage recorded significantly higher linseed seed yield, gross monetary returns, net monetary
returns and benefit-cost ratio. The combined application of FYM to supply 33% RDN + Neem
cake to supply 33% RDN followed by foliar spray of vermiwash (10%) at branching, flowering
and capsule development stage also registered 7.70% and 16.12% higher seed yield of linseed
than the application of FYM to supply 33% RDN + Neem cake to supply 33% RDN followed by
foliar spray of cow urine (2.5%) at branching, flowering and capsule development stage and
combine application of FYM to supply 33% RDN and Neem cake to supply 33% RDN without
foliar spray of liquid organic manures. The combine application of organic manures and foliar
spray of liquid organic manures was reflected as an economically viable practice as evidenced
from higher yields and monetary benefits.

Metarhizium rileyi (Farlow) Kepler S.A. Rehner & Humber, an entomopathogenic fungus of Lepidoptera, targets many noctuids, which are key pests of agricultural crops. Since indigenous isolates of entomopathogenic fungi are more likely to survive and endure and are better suited to the local climate, employing them to control insect pests is an efficient way to fight pesticide resistance and resurgence. In order to identify and isolate native fungal isolates, a survey was carried out in a number of locations inside Andhra Pradesh’s Scarce Rainfall Zone (SRZ). Insect cadavers were collected for this purpose. The surveys were carried out from October to January 2021-2022 and October to December 2022, during which infected larvae samples were collected from various locations including Kurnool, Anantapur, Prakasam, Kadapa, and Chittoor. The crops surveyed for mummified caterpillars included groundnut, greengram, redgram, tomato, castor, blackgram, rice, onion, chili, soybean, cowpea, and maize. The pests observed during the survey were Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera litura, Helicoverpa armigera, and Aproarema modicella. Most M. rileyi infected cadavers were found in pulse crop infested insects, while no mummified larval cadavers were found in other crops such as brinjal, okra, tomato, cotton, rice, cauliflower, cabbage, and chili. Cadavers from various sites were collected separately in sterilized vials or polythene bags and brought to the laboratory. The average maximum and minimum temperatures reported in the Andhra Pradesh SRZ during the survey period were 29-36°C and 14-28°C, respectively. Rainfall varied from 59.40 to 302.00 mm, while the average relative humidity in the morning and evening was 49-77% and 81-100%, respectively.

Eve teasing is regarded as a problem associated with juvenile criminality. It is a type
of sexual aggressiveness that can take many different forms, from groping to catcalls,
sexually provocative comments, and brushing in public areas. In addition to endangering a
woman's safety, prevalent views of gender roles that place the blame on the victim may make
her feel even more ashamed and degraded. The purpose of this descriptive research study was
to ascertain how young adults felt about eve-teasing. Using the population proportion
sampling approach, 240 young individuals, both male and female, were chosen from two
colleges at the G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology to serve as the research
sample. Suitable statistical methods [8,9] i.e., frequency, percentage, p-value, and correlation,
were applied to the collected data to derive the research results. After analysis and
comparison of the data, the findings of the research reflected strong disagreement towards
eve teasing. A significant association was found between the attitude of young adults towards
eve teasing and selected independent variables, i.e., age, gender, college, and family income.