Assessment of fodder potential of grewia optiva drummond ex burret in northern himalaya: A comprehensive review

Grewia optiva Drummond ex Burret, a multipurpose tree species native to the Western Himalayas, plays a vital role in sustaining integrated crop-livestock systems by serving as a high-quality fodder source during lean winter months. This review assesses the fodder potential of G. optiva, highlighting its adaptability to varied altitudinal zones, ecological significance, and contribution to rural livelihoods. The species demonstrates excellent palatability, digestibility, and nutritional value, making it a preferred choice among traditional Himalayan communities. It thrives under a wide range of climatic conditions, displays strong coppicing ability, and is widely planted on terrace risers and field boundaries. This review assesses G. optiva fodder potential in the Northern Himalayas by analyzing scientific literature and traditional knowledge. It examines the tree’s distribution, nutritional value, palatability, traditional use, productivity, environmental influences, and comparison with other fodder, considering factors like location, altitude, genetics, and seasonality for optimal livestock nutrition.