Cytoarchitectural characterization of the adult porcine liver of the Jammu region

The present study aimed to describe the histomorphological features of the porcine liver due to its importance in veterinary medicine, biomedical research, and its relevance as a comparative model for human studies. Histologically, pig liver was covered by a mesothelial layer and a well-developed Glisson’s capsule composed predominantly of collagen fibers, which extend into the parenchyma forming prominent interlobular septa. The most distinctive feature was well-defined classical hepatic lobules, polygonal to hexagonal in outline, with a centrally located central vein and portal triads at the periphery. Hepatocytes were polygonal in shape, arranged in radiating plates, and exhibited occasional binucleation. The hepatic sinusoids were lined by endothelial and Kupffer cells. Portal triads, consisted of portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile ductules. Overall, the study demonstrated a highly organized liver architecture in pigs, characterized by distinct lobulation and well-developed connective tissue septa, reflecting structural adaptations for efficient metabolic, circulatory, and biliary functions.