Green corridors as nature-based solutions for pollution, climate and connectivity: A comprehensive review

Rapid urban expansion, rising pollution levels and widespread habitat fragmentation have intensified pressure on natural ecosystems worldwide. Green corridors ranging from ecological, urban, transport, bluegreen and energy networks provide an essential strategy for reconnecting landscapes, improving environmental quality and strengthening climate adaptation. India’s long tradition of roadside planting, along with contemporary efforts such as the National Green Highways Mission (NGHM), illustrates the critical role of vegetated corridors in mitigating air pollutants, lowering noise, reducing heat stress and enhancing overall road safety. Studies highlight that species like Calliandra hybrida, Nerium oleander, Thevetia peruviana, Yucca filamentosa, Berberis thunbergii,Saraca asoca and Ficus elastica maintain strong physiological resilience under heavy vehicular emissions. Additionally, green belts contribute to significant carbon storage, support microclimatic cooling and even influence driver emotions through canopy form and landscape composition. Overall, the evidence demonstrates that well-designed green corridors supported by scientific species selection and thoughtful spatial planning are vital for enhancing biodiversity, improving human comfort and advancing sustainable transportation infrastructure.