Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture and Adaptive Strategies: A Comprehensive Review

Climate change has emerged as a critical global challenge, significantly impacting
agricultural systems worldwide. This synthesis examines recent studies on how agriculture is
affected by climate change and delves into diverse strategies for adaptation. Increasing
temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and more frequent extreme weather events are
disrupting crop yields, soil conditions, and water resources. According to the IPCC, global
temperatures could rise by 0.3-4.8°C by the end of 21 st century, bringing about intense
weather occurrences, altered rainfall patterns, and rising sea levels. Climate change
significantly impacts the yields of primary global food crops such as maize, wheat, and rice.
Elevated temperatures, evolving precipitation patterns, and heightened extreme weather
events are major contributors to these changes. Various studies have shown that these
climatic factors lead to substantial yield reductions and decreased crop productivity across
different regions. Vulnerability is especially pronounced among small-scale farmers due to
their dependence on natural resources. Adaptation strategies, such as crop diversification,
improved irrigation, and climate-resilient crop varieties, are critical. Collaborative efforts
among farmers, policymakers, and researchers are essential for developing and implementing
these measures. This review endeavors to enrich comprehension of climate change impacts
and effective adaptive strategies, thereby bolstering robustness and long-term viability in
agricultural systems.