Is the current version of model ORYZA2000 able to encounter the multi-level stakeholders’ demand for on-farm decision making?

The ORYZA2000 model, developed by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and
Wageningen University, is a sophisticated tool for accurately predicting rice growth cycles and
development under varying conditions. It excels in replicating field-level crop growth through
meticulous calibration and validation across different agroecological settings worldwide.
Operating on a daily time step, the model computes plant organ dynamics at different
phenological stages by calculating rate variables for each time step and integrating state variables
over the entire crop-growing period. ORYZA2000's applications extend to simulating agronomic
management practices such as optimal fertilizer application, water management, and crop
planning without the need for extensive field data. While it is commonly used to evaluate the
impact of changing climate factors on rice yields, such as future rainfall patterns, temperature
shifts, and elevated CO 2 levels, the model currently lacks flexibility in assessing factors like pest
and disease damage, remote sensing applications, extreme weather events, and diverse crop
varieties within a single simulation run. Despite these limitations, the ORYZA 2000 model
remains a valuable tool for assessing management practices and forecasting rice production under
evolving climatic conditions based on the latest CMIP6 climate model projections. Efforts to
enhance the model's versatility in handling a broader range of factors are essential for its
continued relevance and utility in rice crop research and planning.