Replant Problem in Fruit Crops: Issues and Possibilities of its Control in Pome and Stone Fruits

Replant disease has an enormous effect on the productivity of pome (apples, pears) and stone
fruits (peaches, plums), especially when new orchards are planted on previously cultivated
soils. The disease is prevalent in various regions worldwide, including Himachal Pradesh,
India, where it impacts orchard profitability significantly. Both biotic (e.g., soil-borne
diseases, nematodes) and abiotic variables (e.g., soil compaction, nutrient imbalances)
contribute to the problem, resulting in decreased growth and production. Traditional chemical
management practices, such as soil fumigation, are becoming more limited due to
environmental concerns. As a result, sustainable solutions such as biological control with
beneficial bacteria, compost additives, and the use of biofumigant crops are being
investigated. Integrated management solutions, which combine biological and organic
treatments, offer promise for reducing replant disease while improving soil quality. More
study is required to optimize these tactics, improve microbial inoculant formulations, and
create replant-tolerant rootstocks for long-term orchard sustainability.