Remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS) are vital tools that can be used to capture the spatial and temporal dynamics of biomass energy. They can be used alone or integrated with other software tools to improve biomass energy security at the strategic and military science levels. There has been a lot of development in the research and application of GIS in biomass and energy assessment globally. This is why spatial and temporal waste or biomass data are not readily available in these areas. Despite the advancements in remote sensing and GIS technologies, there are several challenges, such as the need for improved data availability, especially in regions where spatial and temporal waste or biomass statistics are limited, and the need for technical expertise and interoperability. These challenges need to be overcome in order to utilize these tools for biomass-based renewable energy. This paper reviews recent developments in the application of remote sensing and GIS in biomass and energy security, with the objective of designing biomass energy systems that support green and clean economies globally. The paper also discusses the challenges associated with the use of these tools and the contributions that have been made to address these challenges.