Trichoderma Spp.: A Biocontrol Agent for Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases

Traditional methods for controlling plant diseases and increasing yields, such as chemical
pesticides, herbicides or fertilizers are not environmentally friendly because they often
contain aromatic groups or methylated and ethylated substances that have significant
negative effects on the environment. Long-term usage of chemical pesticides can poison
water, pollute the atmosphere and occasionally leave dangerous residues that can encourage
the growth of particular resistant organisms. Trichoderma spp. are mostly asexual fungi
found in rotting wood and all types of agricultural soils. Its hostile behavior demonstrates
that they parasitize a variety of soil-borne and foliar diseases. Recent research demonstrates
that the fungus functions as a biocontrol agent. These reactions are a crucial component of
its biocontrol strategy. It is currently employed in sustainable disease management methods
to control plant diseases. In addition to controlling diseases, Trichoderma species also
promote plant growth and root development (biofertilizer) and activate the defense
mechanisms of plants. Some strains have been demonstrated to colonize root surfaces with
vigorous and long-lasting colonization after penetrating the epidermis. Biological control
plays a very important role in plant disease management.