Enhancing Soil Fertility, Growth, Yield, and Quality of Maize as Influence under Moisture Regimes and Nutrient Management

The field experiment was conducted at Research Farm, Agricultural College, and Research Institute, Madurai district, Tamil Nadu, during Kharif and Rabi seasons 2020-2021 to study various sources and fertilizers’ levels to influence deficit and excess water conditions on soil fertility, growth, yield and quality parameters like chlorophyll content, proline content of maize (Zea mays). The study revealed that excess and deficit water conditions in moisture regime irrigations at Irrigation water / Cumulative Pan Evaporation (IW/CPE) ratio of 1.0 along with nutrient management practices (N8) 125 % Soil Test Crop Response (STCR) – NPK soil application by 1 % foliar spray of micronutrient mixture. Significantly higher mean values of available nitrogen (225 kg ha-1), available phosphorous (20.81 kg ha-1 ), available potassium (351 kg ha-1 ), dry matter production (DMP) (16,404 kg ha-1 ), plant height (250 cm), quality parameters like chlorophyll content (55.24%), proline content (76 µg g-1) and yield (8,530 kg ha-1 ) and was comparable with IW/CPE ratio of 0.8, 0.6 along with others nutrient management practices at 100 % and 75 % STCR – NPK followed by foliar sprays 2 % NPK (19:19:19) and Pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs (PPFM) 1 %. Hence, under a normal water availability situation, irrigation at an IW/CPE ratio of 0.8 was good enough to produce a higher yield, while under deficit and excess water conditions, an IW/CPE ratio of 1.0 along with a 125 % STCR-NPK by foliar spray of micronutrient mixture of 1 % was suitable for obtaining optimum nutrient management for enhancing soil fertility, yield, growth and quality parameters of maize.