Tag: growth

Effect of pre-treatment with GA3 and geometry of planting on sprouting and growth of calla lily (Zantedeschia spp) cv. ‘Captain Murano’ under shade net condition

admin December 18, 2025

Sudati Akshitha HTML Full Text PDF XML DOI: https://doi.org/10.21276/AATCCReview.2025.13.04.590 Abstract An experiment was carried out at Floricultural Research Station to study the effect of pre

Sudati Akshitha

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21276/AATCCReview.2025.13.04.590

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An experiment was carried out at Floricultural Research Station to study the effect of pre pre-treatment of rhizomes with GA₃ and planting geometries on sprouting, growth, and flowering of calla lily cv. Captain Murano under shade net conditions. From the pooled data of both the years 2020-21, 2022-23 it was found among the different treatment combinations pre treatment with GA3 at 500 ppm and planting at 45 x 45 cm spacing recorded minimum days to early sprouting (7.92 days), days to 50 % sprouting (13.18 days) and days to maximum sprouting (16.56 days), whereas, maximum plant height at 30 days (48.53 cm), 60 days (64.57 cm) and 90 days (73.18 cm), was recorded with GA3 at 500 ppm and planting at 30 x 30 cm. The study faced several challenges that needed to be addressed to ensure accurate and reliable results. One major challenge was maintaining uniform shade net conditions throughout the experimental period, especially considering varying climatic factors across the two years (2020–21 and 2022–23). Another difficulty was ensuring consistent rhizome quality and size for uniform pre-treatment with GA₃, as variability in planting material could affect sprouting and growth responses. Pest and disease management under shade net conditions also demanded close monitoring to avoid confounding effects on growth and flowering parameters. The study successfully demonstrates how integrating plant growth regulators with precise planting strategies can improve commercial flower crop performance under shade net conditions.

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Response of nano dap on growth, yield and economics of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)

admin December 10, 2025

Shivam Goplani HTML Full Text PDF XML DOI: https://doi.org/10.21276/AATCCReview.2025.13.04.494 Abstract field experiment entitled “Response of nano dap on growth, yield and economics of cowpea (Vigna

Shivam Goplani

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21276/AATCCReview.2025.13.04.494

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field experiment entitled “Response of nano dap on growth, yield and economics of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)” was carried out on medium black calcareous soil during the summer season of 2024 at Cotton Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh located in the South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone of Gujarat. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. The experiment comprised 10 treatments in combination of soil application, seed treatment and foliar application with conventional fertilizer and nano DAP. Among these treatments, the application of 100% RDF recorded significantly higher values of growth parameters viz., number of root nodules per plant (25.19), dry weight of root nodules per plant (376.42 mg) at 40 DAS. While application of 75% RDF + foliar spray of nano DAP at 4 ml/lit at 30 DAS and 40 DAS recorded significantly higher values for plant height (52.50 cm) at 60 DAS, dry matter accumulation per plant (27.43 g) and number of branches per plant (7.33) at harvest. Application of treatment 75% RDF + foliar spray of nano DAP at 4 ml/lit at 30 DAS and 40 DAS significantly promoted yield attributes and yield viz., number pods per plant (38.60), number of seeds per pod (12.95), length of pod (15.93 cm), seed yield (1341 kg/ha), stover yield (2660 kg/ha) and biological yield (4001 kg/ha). Economic analysis showed that the maximum net return (₹ 65030 /ha) and BCR (2.59) were obtained with the application of 75% RDF + foliar spray of nano DAP at 4 ml/lit at 30 DAS and 40 DAS over control which was closely followed treatment 75% RDF + foliar spray of nano DAP at 2 ml/lit at 30 DAS and 40 DAS) and 100% RDF.

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Performance of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) under weed control measures and nutrient management

admin October 29, 2025

Pooja Kumari Meena HTML Full Text PDF XML DOI: https://doi.org/10.21276/AATCCReview.2025.13.04.228 Abstract A field experiment was conducted during the Rabi, 2021-22 at the Instructional Farm, College

Pooja Kumari Meena

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21276/AATCCReview.2025.13.04.228

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A field experiment was conducted during the Rabi, 2021-22 at the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, SKRAU, Bikaner. The study was undertaken to identify the most effective weed control strategy and nutrient management practice for maximizing fennel productivity. There were 16 treatment combinations with four nutrient managements (control, 75% RDF, 100% RDF and 125% RDF) and four weed control measures (weed free, pendimethalin at 0.75 kg ha⁻¹ (PE), Oxyfluorfen at 50 g ha⁻¹ (PoE at 25 DAS) and weedy check) and were evaluated under factorial randomized design with three replications. The results revealed that among the weed control measures, pendimethalin at 0.75 kg ha-1 (PE) significantly reduced weed density and dry matter accumulation compared to the weedy check and was more effective than oxyflurfen at 50 g ha-1 (POE at 25 DAS). It reduced weed count by 83.95% and 85.32%, and weed biomass by 86.78% and 81.64% at 50 DAS and harvest, respectively, over the weedy check. The highest weed control efficiency (100%) and lowest weed index (0%) were observed in weed-free and pendimethalin at 0.75 kg ha-1 (PE) showed the next best treatment. The weed-free significantly enhanced crop growth and yield attributes, nutrient content and uptake, economic yield, biological yield (4595 kg ha⁻¹) and net return. However, pendimethalin at 0.75 kg ha⁻¹ (PE) achieved the highest B: C ratio. Among nutrient management treatments, 125% RDF resulted in the maximum weed population and weed dry matter accumulation, while 100% RDF recorded superior growth and yield attributes and biological yield (3978 kg ha⁻¹) and economic returns. Challenges such as increased weed pressure under higher nutrient regimes and dependence on herbicides were noted. The study contributes to advancing integrated weed and nutrient management approaches for sustainable crop production.

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Modeling long-term growth and variability of rapeseed and mustard in lucknow district of Uttar Pradesh: A comparative analysis of linear and nonlinear time series models

admin October 26, 2025

Sonu Jain HTML Full Text PDF XML DOI: https://doi.org/10.21276/AATCCReview.2025.13.04.206 Abstract Rapeseed and mustard are vital oilseed crops in Uttar Pradesh, India, contributing to agricultural livelihoods

Sonu Jain

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21276/AATCCReview.2025.13.04.206

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Rapeseed and mustard are vital oilseed crops in Uttar Pradesh, India, contributing to agricultural livelihoods and food security. This study analyzes long-term trends and variability in area, production, and yield in Lucknow district from 1999–2000 to 2022–23 using linear and nonlinear time series models. Data on area (hectares), production (tonnes), and yield (tonnes/hectare) were modeled with Linear, Power, Mechanistic Growth, Logistic 3-Parameter (3P), and Gompertz 3P models. The Linear model best described area and production, while the Logistic 3P model outperformed for yield, capturing its sigmoidal growth. Challenges include managing high data variability due to weather and policy fluctuations and ensuring convergence of nonlinear models. Results show modest growth in area (+57.8 ha/year) and production (+133.5 t/year), with yield rising (+0.015 t/ha/year). High variability (coefficient of variation: 25.7% for area, 46.2% for production, 31.4% for yield) and instability indices (19.5%–34.3%) suggest external influences like weather or policy changes. Decomposition analysis revealed that yield improvements drove 60.2% of production growth, particularly post-2012 (73.6%). Sensitivity analysis confirmed model robustness, and residual diagnostics validated fit. Forecasts predict stable yields (0.97 t/ha by 2027) and modest increases in area and production. Compared to Uttar Pradesh’s higher yields (1.0–1.2 t/ha), Lucknow’s lag suggests policy needs for hybrid seeds and irrigation. These findings, supported by transparent data access, inform sustainable agricultural planning. This study contributes reliable forecasting tools for regional agricultural planning, a reproducible methodology via transparent data access and insights into the efficacy of Linear versus Nonlinear models for oilseed crops, advancing sustainable agriculture in resource-constrained regions.

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**Influence of different growing conditions and substrates for growth, yield and quality of Sukhsagar cultivar of onion**

admin January 19, 2025

HTML Full Text PDF XML DOI: https://doi.org/10.21276/AATCCReview.2025.13.01.131 Abstract Present experiments were carried out with the aim to study the influence of different growing conditions and

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21276/AATCCReview.2025.13.01.131

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Present experiments were carried out with the aim to study the influence of different growing conditions and substrates for vegetative growth of plants, initiation of root, development of bulbs, and quality attributes of Sukhsagar cultivar of onion as it is being an indigenous popular local cultivar in West Bengal and there is no information available in the hydroponic and sand based production of bulbs. Hence, Hydroponic and sand-based growing were experimented under the open roof condition of direct sunlight and a field experiment was undertaken at Horticulture Research Station Mondouri following Completely Randomized Design with three replications during the Rabi season of 2023-2024. The results revealed that the custom low-cost hydroponic system outperformed all other growing conditions of sand and soil in terms of vegetative growth of the plants, initiation of root and bulb, bulb development, and quality of bulbs. The floating bed of the hydroponic system revealed the early bulb initiation faster rate of bulb development and higher pungency of bulbs followed by sand and soil-based growing conditions. The production of onion bulbs in the low-cost hydroponic system even curtails the total time span for growing the crops and might be a better option for future bulb growers to get extra early bulbs with the least input cost and management.

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**Studies on the Soil Test Crop Response (STCR) nutrients on Growth, Yield, Quality of Onion (Allium cepa L.) and Fertility Status of Alfisols**

admin June 6, 2024

HTML Full Text PDF XML DOI: https://doi.org/10.21276/AATCCReview.2024.12.02.42 Abstract Soil test crop response (STCR) nutrient management is an advanced approach for productivity of crop and sustaining

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21276/AATCCReview.2024.12.02.42

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Soil test crop response (STCR) nutrient management is an advanced approach for productivity of crop and sustaining soil health. On the basis of this technology, field experiment was conducted at Agriculture College and Research Institute, Killikulam, Tamil Nadu during the Rabi season of 2019-20 and 2020-21 to study the effect of soil test crop response (STCR) application of N, P, and K along with zinc and boron on growth, yield, quality of onion and soil fertility status. The growth, yield, and quality were significantly influenced by the soil and foliar application of zinc and boron with STCR dose of NPK. Application of STCR (106:97:54 kg of NPK ha-1) + ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 + 0.5% foliar spray significantly influenced the growth, yield characters, bulb yield, bulb quality and maintained soil fertility status. The lowest growth, yield characters, bulb yield, and quality with lower fertility status were recorded under control. The fertilizer treatment of STCR (106:97:54 kg of NPK ha-1) + ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 with 0.5% foliar spray was found to be the best suitable method and dose for onion production in the semi-arid tract of southern Tamil Nadu.

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**Influence of Fertilization and Mulching Techniques on Yield, Weed Management and Economics of Elephant Garlic (Allium ampeloprasum L.)**

admin November 22, 2023

INTRODUCTION The allium genus under the Alliaceae family has as low as 260 and as high as 979 species [1] which differ in maturity, color,

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.58321/AATCCReview.2023.11.04.39

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The experiment comprised four doses of organic and inorganic fertilizers and four different types of mulches viz. no mulch, rice straw mulch, Saccharum spp. mulch, black polyethylene mulch laid out on factorial randomized complete block design replicated thrice. The major challenge in the study was the efficient management of weeds through eco-friendly technologies involving mulches. The studies revealed that high yields in elephant garlic can be achieved by fertilizing it with N:P: K @120:60:60 kg/ha + FYM @ 24 t/ha and mulching it with rice straw. The study pointed out the effectiveness of locally available rice straw as a potential mulch for improving the micro-climate of elephant garlic and thereby enhancing its important horticultural traits. The highest benefit-cost ratio of 1:4.0 was however obtained in treatment having N:P:K @120:60:60 Kg/ha, FYM @24 t/ha in combination with rice straw mulch which resulted in a high net income of ₹ 1139007 with a gross income of ₹ 1423575 at cultivation cost of ₹ 284568. The study will be helpful in checking of weed menace in closed spaced crop of Alliums spp. and will help in increasing the farm income of the growers.

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**Root growth, yield components, and quality of Redgram (Cajanus cajan ) as influenced by foliar spray of humic acid**

admin September 30, 2023

Introduction Pulses as one of the most important plant resources are full of protein and after grains are considered as the second most important

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The present study examined the effect of foliar spray of humic acid on root growth, yield components, and quality in Redgram (Cajanus cajan ). The study was conducted during Kharif 2019-20 at Main Agricultural Research Station, UAS, Raichur by using a randomized block design. The effectiveness of humic acid was studied with different levels as T1 – Humic acid liquid 15% @ 1.0 ml/l of water, T2 – Humic acid liquid 15% @ 1.5 ml/l of water, T3 – Humic acid liquid 15% @ 2.5 ml/l of water, T4 – Humic acid liquid 15% @ 4.0 ml/l of water, T5 – Planofix 4.5 % @ 20ppm and T6 – as a control. The redgram productivity is limited by flower and pod drop during the crop growth. Management of same through foliar application of humic acid 15% is planned. Result of the research study revealthat redgram root growth including root length, shoot length, root dry weight , shoot dry weight , leaf area, dry matter production, flower drops, minerals content (quality), and yield components was measured at 60,90 DAS and at harvest, respectively. Significant differences (p<0.5) were observed for all the above-mentioned parameters across the humic acid levels. Based on this study, the foliar application T4-Humic acid liquid 15% @ 4.0 ml/l of water may be recommended to improve growth physiology, quality, and yield components of the program in similar environmental conditions. Further, research is required in diverse plant environments to determine economically feasible application levels of Humic acid while comparing it with other plant growth regulators sources.

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Influence of different scion-rootstock combination of pear on grafting success and vegetative growth under nursery conditions

admin June 12, 2023

Introducion Rootstock plays an important role in deciding the success or failure of an orcharding enterprise. The selection and use of suitable rootstock help not

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A field study was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Division of Fruit Science, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar (Jammu and Kashmir) in 2019 to find out the best rootstock-scion combinations among different pear cultivars and rootstocks. As there is problem of uneven and weak growth of rootstock under different rootstock-scion combinations and to find best comination, four scion cultivars (Carmen, Abate Fetel, William Bartlett, and Chinese Sandy Pear) were bench grafted on five rootstocks (Quince C, BA-29, Quince seedling, Kainth seedling, and Pear suckers) during mid-March and these grafted plants were transplanted in the nursery. The earliest bud burst (14th April) was recorded in Chinese Sandy Pear/Quince and the highest grafting success (96.67 %) was recorded in Carmen/Quince C, Abate Fetel/Quince C, Chinese Sandy Pear/Quince C, Abate Fetel/BA-29 and Chinese Sandy Pear/Quince. The highest stock girth (34.29 mm) was measured in Chinese Sandy Pear/Quince whereas the highest scion girth (38.51 mm) was measured in William Bartlett/Kainth. The highest and lowest stock-scion ratio was recorded in William Bartlett/Quince and Abate Fetel/Quince C, respectively. Maximum plant height (132.15 cm) and the number of branches per plant (3.55) was recorded in Chinese Sandy Pear/Pear sucker whereas minimum plant height (98.16 cm)and the number of branches per plant (1.88) was recorded in Carmen/Quince and Carmen/BA-29, respectively. The minimum and maximum internodal length was recorded in Carmen/Quince (1.58 cm) and William Bartlett/Pear sucker (2.31 cm). The maximum growth and proportion of saleable plants was obtained in William Bartlett/Quince (86.33 %). From the present study, it is concluded that the pear scion cultivars grafted on Quince C and Quince rootstocks had moderate to high levels of compatibility and hence are best suitable for the propagation of pear.

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**Utilization of nutrients in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) – based cropping system in the Central Plateau of Uttar Pradesh, India**

admin May 26, 2023

INTRODUCTION The term cropping system refers to the crops, sequences of crops and management techniques used on a particular agricultural field over a period of

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A field experiment was conducted during the kharif and rabi sessions of 2015-16 and 2016-17 at the Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ganiwan, and Chitrakoot (U.P.). Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh is drought affected and the farmers adopt different cropping system with imbalance fertilizer uses. Cereals and pulses both are known to respond well to balance fertilizer applications. If balance fertilizer can be included in the fertilizer schedule for maize, soybean, rice-wheat cropping system, not only productivity of the system can be optimized with increased cereals and pulses productivity but also improve quality of produce. The fertilizer consumption of India has increased from 0.78 million tonnes nutrients in 1965-66 to about 27.22 million tonnes nutrients in 20018-19 [17]. But in this period the cultivated crops depleted more mineral nutrients than replenishment through fertilizers, thus leaving the deficit of about 7 million tonnes of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. These types of trends to nutrient deficit are still counting because of profit motivated cultivation with imbalanced uses of fertilizers and this is the major factor which has been recently observed as a decline in growth rate of food grain production and factor productivity. In spite of the use of recommended dose of fertilizers, enhance in yield is not encouraging, which exhibits that there is need to supply secondary and micronutrient in addition to major nutrient. At least five essential nutrients are of wide spread practical importance. These are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulphur (S), and zinc (Zn).
The objective was the diversification of a wheat-based cropping system with nutrient management in the Central Plateau of U.P. In the kharif season, maize, soybean, and rice crops were raised under 7 fertility levels in a randomized block design. In rabi season, wheat was grown in the same plots keeping 3 cropping systems in the main plots and 7 fertility levels in sub-plots. This 21 treatment combinations were tried in a split-plot design with 4 replications. The treatment T4: 75% NPK+VC 2 t/ha to kharif and 100% NPK to wheat recorded significantly higher total N, P and K uptake by maize (79.84, 19.85, and 144 kg/ha, respectively). The maximum NPK uptake by soybean was 340.37, 17.27, and 147.32 kg/ha, respectively. Similarly, the same treatment T4 brought about the highest NPK uptake by rice (102.02, 28.64 and 94.63 kg/ha, respectively). Thereafter T5: 75% NPK+VC 2 t/ha to kharif and 75% NPK to wheat and T6: 75% NPK+VC 2 t/ha to kharif and 50% NPK to wheat having the same dose 75% NPK+VC 2 t/ha to kharif and 50% NPK to wheat/ha performed almost equally better with respect to NPK uptake by all the kharif crops grown under wheat-based cropping system. The total biomass (grain + straw) produced by maize, soybean, and rice in T4 treatment was 101.68, 81.66, and 95.97 q/ha, respectively. The different cropping systems had no significant changes in the NPK uptake by the succeeding wheat. But amongst the residual nutrient levels, T4 recorded total N, P, and K uptake by wheat (110.37, 21.84 and 139.62 kg/ha, respectively. In this treatment, the total biomass of wheat was 103.08 q/ha. The second and third-best treatments were T5 and T6, respectively. On the other hand treatment, T1-100% NPK to kharif and 100% NPK to wheat-producing total biomass (58.29 q/ha) was recorded the lowest NPK uptake (60.29, and 11.96 and 76.96 kg/ha, respectively).

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