The present study's impact of shifts in cropping patterns on the socioeconomic conditions of farmers
conducted in the Pune district of Maharashtra state. Both primary and secondary data were used for the
study. 68.67 per-cent of farmers buy new livestock, 68.00 per-cent of farmers dig new wells/bores, and
62.00 per-cent of farmers improve their existing land. On the home front, 84.00 per-cent started using
LPG gas, while 82.00 per-cent of respondents had access to drinking water, As improving living
conditions,80.00 per-cent started more spending on food and nutrition for the family,8.67 per-cent of
farmers purchased ‘smart T. V.’ and 85.53 per-cent farmers purchase ‘android phones’, as farmers
changing living conditions, 70.67 per-cent repaid their old loans,48.67 per-cent had increased
savings/deposits and 43.33 per-cent of invested their money in other enterprises. The research based on
empirical data of crops and area under them during years 2012 -21 from 15 villages, Data collection and
analysis is major challenge faced during research. By overcoming this problem this research helps to
understand how socioeconomic characteristics of farmer help him to change its cropping pattern and
help him to improve live-hood conditions.8u

An attempt to forecast paddy yield based on weather parameters, at the pre-harvest stage has been documented in this paper for middle Gujarat. Different supervised machine learning models have been tested under the study namely Linear Regression, Polynomial Regression and Neural Network. Weather variables such as maximum temperature, minimum temperature, average relative humidity, sunshine hours and accumulated rainfall have been initially used on a fortnightly basis for the period from 1980–81 to 2018–19 to train these models. Subsequent feature selection suggests that the minimum temperature and relative humidity (morning & evening) play important roles as predictors over others. Further, 37th and 39th as harvested weeks were identified with the lowest error for Linear Regression and Neural Network models respectively.

Indian soils are prone to nematode growth, affecting stability. Biocontrol fungi like Trichoderma harzianum stimulate frugivorous nematode population growth, while predators like mononchid and diplogasterid play crucial roles in soil food web dynamics. Larger, higher trophic-level creatures react more strongly to environmental changes, while microscopic soil-borne nematodes are unclear if they are similarly sensitive to size or trophic level. The Andrassy equation’s maximum body width was underestimated due to the A/L ratio. Nematodes, including Scottnema lindsayae, Plectus murrayi, Eudorylaimus antarcticus, and Monhystera villosa, impact domesticated plants in Antarctic regions. They require ideal temperatures for development. Docking disorder in the English sugar beet region caused root damage to seedlings by Trichodorus and Longidorus species, affecting root shape. Soil health indicators support ecosystem functions like carbon accumulation, water movement, and microbial community activity. Improved soil physical qualities positively impact N and organic carbon contents. Soil pH, a key indicator of soil health, influences plant growth and survival rates. High concentrations of Pratylenchus alleni and Hoplolaimus galeatus colonise soybean roots. Research shows that nematode population densities, EC, and soil texture are linked. Soil biological condition is assessed using electrical conductivity for crop management. 37-59% of soil nematodes are herbivorous and sensitive to plant output. Nitrogen addition affects trophic groups, with fungivores negatively affected. Plant susceptibility to nematodes depends on attraction, repellence, and diet composition.

Lathyrus is crop of prosperity nutritional value. It favours self-pollination so there have been indications that some out crossing occurs due to which precise emasculation and pollination was challenge. The current investigation focused on the study of 21 F2 crosses in Lathyrus to estimate the genetic parameters in the F2 population. During the rabi 2017-18 season, the F2 crosses were cultivated alongside ten parents, with data collected on seven yield and yield-contributing characteristics. The genetic coefficient of variation was notably high for the number of pods per plant and yield per plant. Estimates of heritability (h) in the broad sense indicated a high range for yield per plant (40.12-92.14%) and a moderate to high range for the number of pods per plant (21.89-85.70%). Significant genetic advancement was anticipated across all F2 populations, particularly for plant height at maturity (15.88-26.83), the number of pods per plant (10.72-47.49), and yield per plant (4.22-13.62). Fourteen crosses were identified based on their elevated means, genotypic coefficient of variation, broad-sense heritability, and genetic advances for economically significant traits, such as the number of pods per plant and yield per plant.

The adolescents are essentially confident in their identity at this point. They begin to feel optimistic about the future. Interpersonal relationships refer to the strong links that individuals form with their teachers, family, and peers. Therefore, the proposed study aimed to assess the interpersonal relationship among late adolescents in Udaipur City, Rajasthan. The 85 statements that made up the Interpersonal Relationship Scale (IRS) focused on particular interpersonal relationship aspects. Experts in the field assessed the Interpersonal Relationship Scale to determine its content validity, and a pilot study was used to evaluate the scale’s reliability. Using a straightforward random sampling technique, a total of 360 late adolescents, aged 19 to 21, were chosen from several universities located in the city of Udaipur, Rajasthan. The data was gathered by the researcher via a survey. To determine the research findings, appropriate statistical techniques, such as frequency and percentage, were applied to the data that was gathered. Following data analysis and comparison, the research findings showed that the majority of late adolescents had good interpersonal relationships with their siblings, friends, peers, and teachers. One of the main challenges in this study was coordinating the integration of many data sources to guarantee thorough analysis. In my contribution to the conversation, I also emphasized the significance of tackling heterogeneity in data and proposed some approaches to increase data interoperability in order to enhance research outputs.

Banana pseudostems are nutrient-dense plant biomasses which are majorly wasted or burnt, leading to disruption of the environment as well as economy. In an attempt to prevent this, the present study was designed to assess the effect of drying Musa balbisiana Colla pseudostems on its nutritional composition. The process of drying was optimised using central composite design (CCD) technique of response surface methodology (RSM). Taking oven temperature and time as input variables and moisture content as response, a set of 19 experiments was designed and carried out. The results obtained showed that oven temperature and time had a significant (p < 0.05) influence on drying of the banana pseudostems. By using the optimum oven temperature (56ᵒC) and time (1186 min) led to a moisture content of a value as low as 4.03%. The dried pseudostems revealed an appreciable amount of dietary fibre, insoluble dietary fibre in particular and minerals like potassium, calcium, phosphorus and iron.

The access to real-time weather information supports the farmers in deciding their day-to-day field operations efficiently. Agromet Field Unit (AMFU) utilizes the medium-range weather forecast of the India Meteorological Department (IMD) for issuing agromet advisories at district level and disseminates them using a multimedia approach to reach a maximum number of farmers at every corner of the village in India. During Kharif 2023, a study was conducted to analyse the extent of impact of Agromet Advisory Services (AAS) that benefitted the farming community of Jagtial district in an economic way provided through AMFU, RARS, Jagtial. The rainfall forecast accuracy of Jagtial district was verified both in qualitative and quantitative terms for the Kharif season.The study for a survey on AAS used interview scheduling to collect real-time feedback information from the farmers of four villages of four different mandals namely Allipur, Pormalla, Shankarraopet and Polasa villages of Raikal, Medipalle, Gollapalle and Jagtial mandals respectively of Jagtial district to verify the usefulness of agromet advisories provided using the medium-range weather forecast and the significance of ICT tools in their dissemination. A survey was conducted with a total of 120 farmers on the basis of the village, usefulness of the weather forecasting service, its accuracy, their application in agricultural operations, and satisfaction to the agromet advisories. Tabular analysis, quantitative and qualitative verifications methods were used to derive the valid conclusions.The results revealed that there is moderate level (60.66 %) of rainfall accuracy for Jagtial district during southwest monsoon 2023 andthe AAS were highly useful to majority 70 % of the farmers for their day to day farm operations and whatsapp being 55 % as the best source of medium in receiving agromet advisories. The weather forecast was highly useful in performing farm operations at all stages of the crop, for pesticides spraying and harvesting to 44.2 %, 20% and 15.8 % of the farmers respectively. Majorly, 38.6 % and 28% of the farmers saved an amount of upto Rs. 1000 and Rs. 2000 in paddy cultivation in Kharif season 2023 by adopting the agromet advisory services.

The objective of the study was to extract sugarcane juice, identify the ideal stage of maturity and assess its acceptability using sensory analysis. From Rudrur, Regional Sugarcane and Rice Research Station in Nizamabad provided the sugarcane cultivars Co86032, 85R186 and 83R23 for the study which was carried out in 2021–2022. These types were gathered in the eighth, tenth and twelve months of maturity. The findings showed that physical characteristics like sucrose in brix% and juice obtained grew more prominent as one aged. Thus, for sensory examination 12thmonth maturity stage was chosen. Out of all the varieties that were evaluated the experimental sample SCR2-83R23 showed better acceptability than the experimental sample SCR1-85R186 and control SCO-Co86032. Because of improved sweetness, a deeper flavor profile and superior overall juice obtained are important components of consumer choice and sensory pleasure the SCR2-83R23 variant is probably more widely accepted.

Crop diversification is vital for alleviating soil pressure, enhancing sustainable production, and mitigating marketing challenges. This study aims to identify the drivers and profitability of crop diversification in Northern Telangana Zone (NTZ), influenced by the Telangana government’s policy on cultivating alternate crops instead of paddy in the 2021 Rabi season. Monocropping degrades soil health; hence, the study was conducted to determine the most profitable crop to cultivate after paddy.A random sampling technique was used to collect data from 10 adopters (farmers who cultivated alternate crops) and 10 non-adopters (farmers who continued paddy) from each district of NTZ (a total of ten districts). Hence the total sample for the study is 200. The study employed cost concepts, logit regression, and Garrett ranking techniques for analysis. The findings revealed that cultivating maize in paddy fallows yielded comparable net returns (Rs. 47,544 per ha) to paddy cultivation in the Rabi season (Rs. 48,641 per ha). Logit regression analysis identified education, farming experience, landholding size, and contact with Agricultural Department officials as significant positive factors influencing crop diversification adoption. Among alternate crops, constraints such as high weed incidence in sesame (Garrett score: 63.65), paddy stubble regeneration in maize (64.95), insufficient and expensive seed supply in sunflower (70.71), post-harvest losses due to hailstorms in groundnut (61.75), and germination problems in pulses (64.88) were opined by the sample farmers. Effective strategies, including subsidized inputs, training programs on alternate crop cultivation, and improved storage and marketing facilities, are recommended to enhance crop diversification in the region.

Seaweeds are the essential plant growth bio-stimulants due to their high composition of phenols, flavonoids, polysaccharides and antioxidant compounds. Seaweed extracts stimulated the seed yield, seed germination, plant growth parameters, biometric attributes, thousand grain weight, plant height, protein and fat composition in Agricultural and Horticultural crops which were increased. Foliar application, soil application or seed treatment of seaweeds against various phytopathogens including biotic such as fungi, bacterial, nematode and mesobiotic pathogens like viral diseases as well as insects has been confirmed by many scientific reports. They are mostly used as a powder and some times available also as a liquid form. They are having the mode of action of inducing systemic resistance, bio-protectant activity by induced or combined activity of microbial biota and enhancing crop yield. This review explains about the role of seaweed extracts for plant diseases management strategies.